abstract：:Food allergy is an emerging epidemic in the United States and the Western world. The determination of factors that make certain foods allergenic is still not clearly understood. Only a tiny fraction of thousands of proteins and other molecules is responsible for inducing food allergy. In this review, the authors prese...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Masilamani M,Commins S,Shreffler W

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Much has been learned from epidemiologic studies conducted in the past 4 decades that can be directly applied to the management of workers affected with occupational asthma. Studies have provided information about host factors, environmental exposure, and occupational agents posing the highest risks for development of...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Smith AM

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Allergic rhinitis affects a large portion of the population. Patients are frequently sensitized to indoor allergens. The most important contributors are house dust mites, pets, and fungi. In very controlled environments where allergen exposure is significantly reduced, individuals have been shown to have clinical impr...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Bush RK

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) represents a significant advance and it seems particularly suitable in pediatric patients. There are favorable results for food allergy in controlled trials. For latex allergy, the results of several trials are encouraging. For atopic dermatitis, previous experience with subcutaneous im...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Passalacqua G,Compalati E,Canonica GW

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stress reduction interventions can have a positive therapeutic effect in autoimmune disease patients. Physicians and patients must recognize the potential for stress to impact autoimmune diseases and how stress management should be considered in a multidimensional treatment approach. This article evaluates the effects...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： McCray CJ,Agarwal SK

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae are atypical bacteria that are frequently found in patients with asthma. A definitive diagnosis of infection is often difficult to obtain because of limitations with sampling and detection. Numerous animal studies have outlined mechanisms by which these infections may...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Metz G,Kraft M

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD) negatively affects patients and their families. Pruritus, scratching, and sleep problems are common complaints linked to disturbed quality of life. Treatment is complex, and nonadherence rates are high. This article reviews the effect of AD on patients and their families and i...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Kelsay K,Klinnert M,Bender B

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the last decade, gene therapy for adenosine deaminase deficiency has been developed as a successful alternative strategy to allogeneic bone marrow transplant and enzyme replacement therapy. Infusion of autologous hematopoietic stem cells, corrected ex vivo by retroviral vectors and combined to low-intensity conditi...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Cappelli B,Aiuti A

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inherited defects in components of the nonhomologous end-joining DNA repair mechanism produce a T-B-NK+ severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) characterized by heightened sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Patients with the radiosensitive form of SCID may also have increased short- and long-term sensitivity t...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Dvorak CC,Cowan MJ

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic rhinosinusitis is a complex heterogeneous disease. Infection in the form of biofilm may have an important, if not central, role in the maintenance of the recalcitrant inflammation for this increasingly common chronic disease. Therefore, the importance of understanding the interaction of biofilm disease with th...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Kilty SJ,Desrosiers MY

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The incidence of immune-mediated anaphylaxis during anesthesia ranges from 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 20,000. Neuromuscular blocking agents represent the most frequently involved substances, followed by latex and antibiotics, but every drug or substance used may be involved. Diagnosis relies on tryptase measurements at the t...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Mertes PM,Lambert M,Guéant-Rodriguez RM,Aimone-Gastin I,Mouton-Faivre C,Moneret-Vautrin DA,Guéant JL,Malinovsky JM,Demoly P

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The psychologic and behavioral components of sickness represent, together with fever response and associated neuroendocrine changes, a highly organized strategy of the organism to fight infection. This strategy, referred to as sickness behavior, is triggered by the proinflammatory cytokines produced by activated cells...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Dantzer R

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cause of eosinophilic esophagitis remains unknown, but its epidemiology and clinical features provide pieces to the puzzle. Eosinophilic esophagitis probably emerged in the 1950s or early 1960s, has an increasing incidence, occurs in most developed countries, is related to food allergies, affects adults and childr...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Bonis PA

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs) encompass a variety of disorders including eosinophilic esophagitis (EE), eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG), and eosinophilic colitis. Although the pathogenesis of EGIDs is still poorly understood, dietary food antigens have been shown to cause EGIDs through several short...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Chehade M,Sampson HA

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews the primary immunodeficiencies that result in hypogammaglobulinemia or predominantly antibody deficiency disorders. This group makes up the largest proportion of patients with primary immunodeficiency. Significant advances have been made in understanding the molecular basis and clinical characteri...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Yong PF,Chee R,Grimbacher B

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article summarizes the guidelines for using replacement therapy in the management of patients who have primary antibody deficiency. ...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Roifman CM,Berger M,Notarangelo LD

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Asthma and allergies continue to be major public health problems in affluent westernized countries. Changes in dietary habits dating from before the increase in asthma prevalence may have a role in the development of asthma and allergies. Many studies have investigated the role of specific nutrients in asthma and alle...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Litonjua AA

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the last 2 decades, the continued development and the large-scale production of polyclonal immune serum globulin (ISG) preparations with improved safety and tolerability profiles have allowed treatment to focus on quality of life and long-term freedom from the complications of primary immune deficiency disease,...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Berger M

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews the dermatologic and allergic conditions of the eyelid. Topics include various eyelid dermatitis, inflammatory lesions, infections, benign and malignant tumor, urticaria, vascular lesions, and others. Treatment considerations for these conditions of the eyelid are also discussed. ...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Peralejo B,Beltrani V,Bielory L

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with multiple phenotypes. There are no tissue or bronchoalveolar lavage biomarkers that are "specific" for asthma. Markers associated with eosinophilic, neutrophilic, and paucigranulocytic asthma are discussed here, and those for remodeling. Efforts are to compare tissue and lavage bi...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Zhang JY,Wenzel SE

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute eosinophilic pneumonia, chronic eosinophilia, Churg-Strauss syndrome, and the hypereosinophilic syndrome are pulmonary eosinophilic syndromes characterized by an increased number of eosinophils in peripheral blood, in lung tissue, in sputum, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, or in all of these. These pulmonary eo...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Wechsler ME

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anaphylaxis occurs frequently in the community, and it can be fatal in community settings. Risk assessment and risk reduction should ideally be coordinated by an allergy/immunology specialist and focus on: (1) prevention of subsequent anaphylaxis episodes, (2) emergency preparedness, and (3) anaphylaxis education. Pre...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Simons FE

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Allergic rhinitis and asthma should be considered as organ-specific inflammatory diseases in which the genetic background has determined a local overproduction of Th2-type cytokines and an over-expansion of particular APCs and T cells. Among the latter, a potential pathogenetic role could be assumed for natural killer...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Spinozzi F,Porcelli SA

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are many conditions that may present with swelling that mimics angioedema. When swelling persists for greater than a few days or is unresponsive to treatment for urticaria/angioedema, other etiologies should be considered. In most instances, a thorough history and physical examination will define other etiologie...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Weldon D

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Angioedema can be associated with many disorders and the presentation can be variable. Subsets of the angioedema syndromes are thought to be cytokine mediated (Table 1). Of these, the best described are the episodic angioedema with eosinophilia syndrome (Gleich's syndrome) and non-episodic angioedema with eosinophilia...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Banerji A,Weller PF,Sheikh J

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mast cells produce symptoms by local and remote effects of mediator release and by their presence in increased numbers in normal tissue and bone marrow, where they damage and impair normal organ function. Moreover, mast cells are long-lived and heterogeneous in their response to secretagogues and to inhibitors of medi...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Butterfield JH

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the 1970s and 1980s, scientific methods were introduced in the standardization of allergen vaccines and, in combination with improved documentation of the clinical benefits obtained using standardized vaccines, specific allergy treatment as a scientifically based, reproducible, and safe treatment for allergic disea...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Spangfort MD,Larsen JN

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Based on the hygiene hypothesis association between atopy and bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), purified protein derivative skin test reaction, mycobacterial disease, and environmental mycobacteria are summarized. The role of mycobacterial species in the activation of the innate immune response through Toll-like recepto...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Barlan I,Bahceciler NN,Akdis M,Akdis CA

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In summary, the major physiologic changes that occur in pregnancy are the increased minute ventilation, which is caused by increased respiratory center sensitivity and drive; a compensated respiratory alkalosis; and a low expiratory reserve volume. The vital capacity and measures of forced expiration are well preserve...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Wise RA,Polito AJ,Krishnan V

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although it is not yet known how many genes may contribute to the susceptibility or the severity of asthma and related phenotypes, genome-wide screens and positional cloning techniques have been successful in identifying contributing genes in multiple populations. The results of these studies provide additional insigh...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Smith AK,Meyers DA

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Asthma is characterized by persistent airway inflammation, which is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness and variable airflow obstruction, which accounts for the majority of symptoms experienced by asthmatic patients. Allergen sensitization and inhalation causes airway inflammation, and is likely important in th...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： O'Byrne PM

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Urticaria and angioedema are commonly encountered complaints in children. Although the diagnosis is clear, establishing an etiology, especially with respect to chronic urticaria, can be challenging. A significant proportion of chronic urticarial cases are now considered to have an autoimmune etiology. This article rev...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Baxi S,Dinakar C

更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Certain medications can generate asthma symptoms, with the potential to cause considerable morbidity. This article focuses on the common drugs that have the potential to cause distinct respiratory reactions in asthmatics: aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, beta-blockers, and angiotensin-converting...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Covar RA,Macomber BA,Szefler SJ

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Asthma is a heterogeneous disease in which various cytokines orchestrate airway inflammation. Tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-alpha) is a proinflammatory cytokine that has been implicated in the modulation of inflammation in various diseases, including asthma. Although TNF-alpha blocking strategies have been an effective th...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Babu KS,Davies DE,Holgate ST

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the initial reports of penicillin and beta-lactam drugs causing allergic reactions, much has been elucidated regarding their pathophysiology and mechanism of action. Despite advances in testing for penicillin allergy, with IgE antibodies and skin tests available for the major and minor determinants of penicillin...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Thethi AK,Van Dellen RG

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Delayed pressure urticaria is a mechanical urticaria in which pressure causes whealing. Delayed cutaneous erythema and edema occur in association with marked subcutaneous swelling after the application of a sustained pressure stimulus to the skin. The earliest reports and theories of the pathogenesis of delayed pressu...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Lawlor F,Black AK

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article describes the efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of CAIV-T. This vaccine has the potential to significantly contribute to the control of influenza infection and influenza-associated illnesses, including febrile otitis media and lower respiratory disease. When compared with inactivated vaccine, CAIV-T ha...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Belshe RB,Mendelman PM

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The interplay of geographic, geochemical, and meteorologic factors combines to define distinct floristic zones in North America. Latitude, elevation, Pacific or Atlantic Ocean influence, continental air mass influence, mountains, and hills are contributory geographic factors. Hardiness zones are defined by the nadir o...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Weber RW

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The first rule of environmental allergen control is that avoidance is appropriate for allergic patients with asthma. Although this rule is obvious to allergists, it frequently is not considered by families and physicians who are not trained in allergy. The next step in environmental avoidance is to determine the speci...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Eggleston PA

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemical agents cause approximately 40% of cases of occupational asthma (OA). Diagnosis of OA caused by chemicals relies on the demonstration of decrements in lung function at the workplace or during a controlled specific inhalation challenge to the suspect chemical agent. Evaluation of workers is accomplished best wi...

journal_title：Immunology and allergy clinics of North America

authors： Bernstein DI

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00